cultural
Insulin Was Invented at the University of Toronto. They Sold the Patent for One Dollar.
A national policy decision in 1923.
Frederick Banting, Charles Best, James Collip, and J.J.R. Macleod discovered insulin at the University of Toronto in 1921. They received the Nobel Prize in 1923.
They sold the patent to the university for one dollar. Banting said: Insulin does not belong to me. It belongs to the world.
A hundred years later, insulin in the United States costs between 98 and 1,200 dollars per vial. In Canada, 32 dollars. We are not bragging. We are just noting the receipt.